Tuesday 21 February 2012

                                BSNL JTO SAMPLE PAPER


1. At a frequency below the resonant frequency series circuit is-a.) Inductive b.) Capacitive
c. )Resistived.)None
2. The electrical conductivity of metals is typically of the order of (Ohm –1 m-1) a.) 107
b. )105
c. )10-4
d. )10-6
3. The output of a piezoelectric crystal has
a. )Low amplitude and low impedance
b. )High amplitude and high impedance
c. )Low amplitude and high impedanced.)High amplitude and low impedance
4. The time constant associated with the capacitor charging in the circuit shown in the given figure is

a. )6ms
b. )10ms
c. )15msd.) 25ms
1. 5. The Q factor of an inductor would be higher if it is made of – a.) Thinner wire b.) Longer
wire c.) Shorter wire d.) Thicker wire
2. 6. A cavity resonator can be represented by – a.) An LC circuit b.) An LCR circuit c.) A lossy
inductor d.) A lossy capacitor
3. 7. Air gap in the iron core of an inductor prevents – a.) Core saturation b). Hysterisis loss c.)
Flux leakage d.) Transformer action
4. 8. Between the plates of an air capacitor if a glass slab is slipped without moving the plate
then
a.) Its capacitance is decreased b.) Its
capacitance is increased c.) Its capacitance is
hardly affected
d. )Capacitor is discharged
1. 9. For current to flow, a circuit must be – a.) Isolated b). Insulated c.) Complete d.) Protected
2. 10. Human ear can detect sound intensities of the order of – a.) 10-20 w/m2 b). 10-13 w/m2
c.) 10-6 w/m2 d.) 10-3 w/m2
3. 11. A FET operates on – a). Majority carriers only b). Minority carriers only c). Positively
charged ions only d.) None
4. 12. An SCR can conduct for a full half cycle or any part of it –
a. )and continue conduction for other half cycle b.) but blocks the conduction for other half cycle c.)
nothing can be said d.) none
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13. In CRT aquadag carries
.a. )aqueous solution of graphite
.b. )sweep voltage
.c. )secondary emission electronsd.) none of the above
14. From the following circuit, in order to obtain a 12-v stabilized supply the input to the terminals A
and B should be -a.)less than 12v with terminal A positive with respect to terminal B
.b. )greater than 12v with B positive with respect to A
.c. )less than 12v with A negative with respect to B
.d. )greater than 12v with A positive with respect to B
15. When the value of ICBO in a silicon transistor of b = 49 is 20 Na then the value of ICEO for a
temperature rise of 180c would be –
.a. )8mA
.b. )160 hA
.c. )1mA
.d. )7.84mA
16. MOSFET can operate in –
.a. )Depletion mode
.b. )Enhancement mode
.c. )Depletion-only mode
.d. )Both a & b
1. 17. For a circuit design the very factor of an SCR, which is to be taken into account is –
a.)
d.) None
2. 18. The functions of an oxide layer in an IC device is to –
a.) mask against diffusion or ion implant
b.) insulate the surface electrically
c.) produce a chemically stable protective layer
d.) all the above
3. 19. One of the following bipolar transistors which has the highest current gain bandwidth
product for similar geometry is –
a.) NPN germanium transistor
b.) NPN silicon transistor
c.) PNP germanium transistor
d. )PNP silicon transistor.BSNL GE JTO Recruitment Question Paper previous years free download
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20. With the increasing temperature, the electrical conductivity would –
a.) Increase in metals as well as in intrinsic semiconductors.
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b.) Increase in metals but decrease in intrinsic semiconductors.
.c. )Decrease in metals but increase in intrinsic semiconductors.
.d. )Decrease in metals as well as in intrinsic semiconductors.
21. For the following circuit, the current X is 3A then the power delivered by the dependent
current source D is –
a.) 50 watts
b) 50 watts
.c. )1500 watts
.d. )15000 watts
1. 22. The current in resistor R shown in the fig. will be –
a.) 0.2A
b.) 0.4A
c.) 0.6A
d.) 0.8A
2. 23. In the network shown in the given fig. the capacitor C1 is initially charged to a voltage
V0 before the switch S in the circuit is closed. In the steady statea.)
C1 and C2 are charged to equal voltages
b.) C1 and C2 are charged with equal coulombs
.c. )C1 and C2 are discharged fully
.d. ) C2 alone is charged to voltage V0
1. 24. The equivalent circuit of a wire-wound resistor can be represented as –
2. 25. For the fig. shown the fundamental cutset for the branch 12 is –
.a. )2, 1, 5
.b. )2, 6, 7, 8
.c. )2, 1, 3, 4,5
.d. )2, 3, 4
26. Ideally, attenuator pads should not change –
a. )voltage levelb.) impedance level c.) power level d.) voltage, power or impedance level
1. 27. When the two networks are cascaded through an ideal Buffer and if tr1 and tr2 are the
rise times of the two networks, then the overall delay of the two networks together will be –
2. 28. For the network shown in the following fig. one of the following theorems which can be
conveniently used to calculate the power consumed by the 10W resistor is –
.a. )Thevenin's theoremb.) Maximum power transfer theorem c.) Millman's theorem d.)
Superposition theorem 29 The nodal analysis is primarily based on the application of –
.a. )KVLb.) KCL c.) Ohm's law d.) Both b and c
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1. 30. When the driving point impedance of a network at a frequency of 1Hz is then the
impedance can be realised as –
2. 31. For a lossless line
1. 1. Series resistance is zero 2. Shunt conductance is zero
2. 3. Shunt conductance is infinite 4. Series resistance is infinite
.a. ) 1 & 2
.b. )2 & 3
.c. ) 2 & 4d.)3 & 4
32. When a square wave is fed to an RC circuit then-a.) Voltage across
R is square and across C is not square b) Voltage across C is not
square and across R is not square
.c. ) Voltage across both R and C are square
.d. )Voltage across both R and C are not square
33. When an A.M. broadcast radio transmitter radiates 10 kw power when the modulation percentage
is 60 then the power of the carrier isa.
) 5.00 kwb.) 7.69 kw c.) 8.47 kw d.) 9.17 kw
34. The main components of atmosphere responsible for absorption of em waves are
.a. ) Nitrogen and Oxygen
.b. )Nitrogen and hydrogenc.) Oxygen and water vapour
.d. )Nitrogen and water vapour
35. The effective height of a linear antenna of length ‘l’ is say ‘x’ when the current distribution along
it’s length is uniform and say, it is ‘y’ when the current distribution is sinusoidal then x/y is equal to -
a.) 2 b.) 1
c. ) 4/ pd.) p/4
36. In a hollow rectangular waveguide, the phase velocity a.) Increases with increasing frequency
b.)Decreases with increasing frequency
c. )Is independent of frequencyd.)Will vary with frequency depending upon the frequency range
1. 37. For TM waves in a parallel plate waveguide, the minimum attenuation arising from
imperfect conductors would occur at a frequency of (fc is the cut–off frequency )a.) 3fc *
2. 38. When a transmission line having 50 impedance is terminated in a load of ( 40 + j30) W
then the VSWR is – a.)j 0.033 b.)0.8 + j 0.6 c.) 1 d.)2
3. 39. The ionosphere plays a significant role in radio wave propogation at-a.)High frequencies
b.)Ultra-high frequencies
c. Microwave frequenciesd.)Optical
frequencies
40. When a carrier wave is modulated at 100% it’s power is increased by-
.a. )100%
.b. )150 %
.c. )50%d.) 0%
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41. Reluctances in series are –
a. )Subtractiveb.) Additive c.)
Multiplicative d.) None.
42. When the meters X and Y requires 40 mA and 50 mA respectively for full scale deflection
then –
a. )X is more sensitiveb.) Y is more sensitive
c. )both are equally sensitived.) not possible to determine from the given data.
1. 43. In the context of ac bridge measurement the term "Wagner Ground" means –
a.) a special RC connection that eliminates stray magnetic effects.
b.) any unwanted and unintended ground connection.
c.) a large metal plate buried in the ground and connected to one corner of the bridge.
d.) a special RC connection that eliminates stray capacitance effects.
2. 44. The gating and counting circuits of a digital counter –
.a. )cannot handle MHz signalsb.) cannot handle GHz signals
.c. )can handle GHz signalsd.) none.
45. De- sauty bridge is more widely used because of –
.a. )simplicity
.b. )perfect balance for imperfect capacitors
.c. )perfect balance for air capacitors
d.) maximum sensitivity.
46. A schottky diode clamp is used along with a switching BJT for –
.a. )reducing the power dissipation.
.b. )reducing the switching time
.c. )increasing the value of bd.) reducing the base current.
47. The phenomenon of creeping occurs in –
.a. )Energy metersb.) Ammeters
.c. )Wattmeter
.d. )Voltmeters
48. A permanent magnet moving coil measures the –
.a. )true rms valueb.) dc value
c.) peak value
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.d. )rms plus dc value
49. The D`Arsonval meter movement can be converted into an audio frequency ac
ammeter by adding to it a
.a. )thermocoupleb.) rectifier
c.) chopper
.d. )transducer
50. Which one of the following detectors is generally used in ac bridges for audio frequency
range ?
.a. )Ac voltmeter
.b. )CRO
.c. )Headphonesd.) Vibration galvanometer.
51. In single phase circuit capacitor used for power factor correction decreases –
a.) The power factor b.) The line current c.) Both a and b d.) The line current and increases
power factor
2. 52. In the given figure X the balanced bridge should be
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self-inductance having resistance
.b. )A capacitance
.c. )A non-Inductive resistance
.d. )An inductance and a capacitance in parallel
53. SiO2 layer in an integrated circuit provides –
.a. )Electrical connection to external circuitb.) Physical strength
.c. )Isolation
.d. )Conducting path
54. For an SCR with turn on time of 5 microsecond, an ideal trigger pulse should have-
.a. )short rise time with pulse width = 3 m sec
.b. )vlong rise time with pulse width = 6 m sec
.c. )short rise time with pulse width = 6 m secd.)long rise time with pulse width = 3 m sec
55. In a 3-phase half wave diode rectifier, the ratio of average output voltage to per phase
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maximum a c voltage isa)
0.955
.b. )0.827c.) 1.654
.d. )1.169
56. In multiple pulse modulation used in PWN inverters, the amplitude and frequency for triangular
carrier and square reference signals are respectively 4V, 6 KH2 and 1V, 1KH2.
The number of pulses per half cycle and pulse width is respectively-.
.a. )6, 900
.b. )3, 450
.c. )4, 600d.) 3, 400
57. A four quadrant operation requiresa.
)two full converters in series.b.) two full converters
connected back to back.
c.) two full converters connected in parallel.
d.) two semi converters connected back to back
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58. In voltage source inverters-
.a. )load voltage waveform o depends on load impedance z, where as load current
waveform io does not depend on z,
.b. )Both o and io depend on z,c.) o does not depend on z where as depends on z
.d. )both o and do not depend on z
59. For an RC driving – point impedance function, the poles and zerosa.
)should alternate on real axis b.) should alternate only on the negative real axis c.) should alternate
on the imaginary axis d.) can lie anywhere on the left half place.
60. The functions of connecting a resistor in series with gate - cathode circuit and a zener diode
across gate cathode circuit are, respectively to protect the gate circuit from-a.) over voltages, over
currents.
.b. )over currents over voltages.
.c. )over currents, noise signals
.d. )noise signals, over voltages.
61. The plate efficiency of a class C amplifier is high because-a.)A resonant circuit is used as load b.)
The plate current flows when the instantaneous plate voltage is low.
.c. ) The plate current flows only when grid is driven positive
.d. )None of the above
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62. The circuit diagram shown in the figure consist of transistor is
.a. ) Parallel connectionb.) Cascode connection
.c. ) Darlington connection
.d. )Cascade connection
63. Increase of current in one transistor in a direct coupled circuit
.a. ) Causes an increase in current in other transistors of the circuit
.b. )Causes a decrease in current in other transistor
.c. )Does not affect the currents of other transistors connected in the circuit
.d. )May either increase or decrease currents of other transistors connected in the circuit.
64. In a PNP transistor the charge carriers in the base region which play an important role in the
operation of the transistor are
.a. ) The majority carriersb.) The minority carriers
.c. ) Nothing can be said
.d. )None of the above
65. Voltage gain in a CC amplifier is-
.a. )Cannot exceed unity
.b. )Is always constant
.c. ) Is dependent on input signal
.d. )Depends on output impedance
66. Random-access-memory means –
.a. )memory in a random fashion
.b. )memory in a zigzag fashion
.c. )memory in a circular fashion
.d. )memory in a square fashion
67. BCD code is –
.a. )an alphanumeric code
.b. )a binary code
c .) the same thing as binary numbers
d. )non-weighed
68. The transfer function of a system is . The phase swift at w = 0 and w = a will be a.) 900 and
–00
.b. )-900 and 900
.c. )-1800 and 1800
.d. )None of the above
69. Number of resolutions in a 8 bit D/A converter is –
.a. )8 bitb.) 4 bit
.c. )6 bitd.) 10 bit
70. A bistable multivibrator is used as a – a.) Free running multivibrator b.) Frequency multiplier c.)
Frequency divider
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d. )Wave shaper
71. The transfer function of a system is The phase shift at w = o and w = will be –
.a. )900 and -00
.b. )–900 and 900
.c. )–1800 and 1800
.d. )none of the above.
72. A forward path transfer function of a unity feedback control system is equal to The unit step
response of this system starting from rest will have its maximum value at a time equal to –
.a. )0 sec
.b. )0.56 sec
.c. )5.6 secd.) infinity.
73. To obtain the output position in a position control system, which one of the following transducers
is used-a.) Strain Gauge b.) Load cell
c. )Synchrod.) Thermistor
74. The maximum resonance peak for the second order transfer function T(S) = will be –
.a. )4
.b. )4/3
.c. )2
75. Considering control system in the given fig .For slight variation in G, the ratio of open loop
sensitivity to closed pool sensitivity will be given by-a.) 1: (1+GH) b.) 1 : (1+GH)-1
.c. )1 : (1-GH)
.d. )1 : (1-GH)-1
76 The diversity system in Troposcatter links is made use of to-
.a. )Increase the bandwidthb.) Prevent noise effects
c.) Increase the directivity of the antenna.
d.) Detect signal in the presence of fading.
77. )Mark out wrong statement regarding compandora.) It compresses the higher amplitude parts of a
signal before modulation and expands
them back to normal again after demodulation.
b.) It gives preferential treatment to the weaker parts of the signal
c.) For weaker signals, it gives a poor ratio of signal strength to quantizing error.
d. )Weaker signals, transverse more quantum steps than they would do otherwise and so
quantizing error is reduced –
78. Among other equipment a sub marine cable repeater contains –
a.) A dc power supply and regulator
b. )Filters for the two directions of transmissionc.)
Multiplexing and demultiplexing equipment
d.) Pilot inject and pilot extract equipment
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1. 79. In a communication system noice is most likely to affect the signala.)
At the transmitter
b.) In the channel
c.) In the information source
d.) At the destination
2. 80. The given circuit is a –
a.) Monostable multivibrator
b.) Frequency division circuit
c.) Miller sweeps circuit
d.) Bootstrap sweep circuit
3. 81. In a plane transverse electromagnetic wavea.)
Angle between electric and magnetic vectors is O.
b.)Angle between electric and magnetic vectors is 900
c.) Angle between electric and magnetic vectors is 1800
d.) None of above.
4. 82. Directional coupler is a function ofa.)
Two port wave-guide
b.) Four port wove guide
c. )Single port wave-guide
d.) Size port wave-guide.
83. Isolators are used to couple generator and load because –
a.) It increases power of signal
b.) To match any load with generator
c. )To get phase shifted o/pd.) To differentiate
load & generator
84. In travelling wave tube for getting amplified output
.a. )Electron beam travels and RF field remains stationary
b.) Both electron beam and RF field travels in same direction
.c. )Both electron beam and RF field remains stationaryd.) RF field travels and electron beam
remains stationary
85. Crystal diode works on principle of –
.a. )Negative resistance
.b. )Positive resistance
.c. )Square lowd.) Linear impedance
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86. In gunn effect oscillator which mode having lowest operating frequency –
.a. )Domain mode
.b. )Delayed domain mode
.c. )Quenched domain mode
.d. )LSA mode
87. In Reflex klystron maximum energy transferred to gap by electrons-
.a. )eR
.b. )ee
.c. )el
.d. )eR , ee, el
88. The radio waves get absorbed by atmosphere depends –
a.) Their distance from transmitter is long
b.) Wave power is weak
c. )Improper polarization of waved.) Frequency of waves
89. 8085 mP has no of sets of communication lines-
.a. )2b.) 3
c.) 4
.d. ) None
90. No. of o/p ports in peripheral mopped I/p are up toa.)
32
b.) 64
c. ) 128d.) 256
1. 91. Is two byte instructiona.)
MOV A, B
b.) ANA B
c.) MV I B, 92 H
d.) LHLD 2050 H
2. 92. Banch instructions-
.a. ) only uses flogs setting to make decision.
.b. )only sets flogs according to results.
.c. ) uses flogs settings as well as sets flogs setting
.d. )nighteruse flog settings not set flogs.
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93. What will be the time delay achieved from following loop
Loop DCX B 6 MOV A, C, 4 ORA B 4 JNZ Loop 10 system clock freg. = 2 MHz.
.a. ) 10 m sb.)12 m s c.) 14 m s
.d. 16 m s
94. After execution of pop statement-
.a. ) Stack pointer decremented by 2b.) Stack pointer incremented by 2 c.) Stack pointer
decremented by 1
.d. )Stack pointer incremented by 1
1. 95. Labels are used as an alternative fora.) Data b.) Register name c.) Memory address d)
Stack pointer
2. 96. Microprogramming is a technique-a) For programming the microprocessor b.) For
writing small programs efficiently
c. )For programming the control steps of computerd.) For programming o/p / i/p
97. 00110010 – 01000101 =? a.) 00010011
.b. )11101101
.c. )11100011
.d. )11100100
98. When an array is possed as an argument to a function what exactly gets posseda.) Address of the
array
.b. )Values of elements of arrayc.) Number of elements of array
.d. )Address of the first element of the array
99. A write cycle time means-a.) Minimum length of write pulse b.) Minimum amount of time for
which data must be valid before write pulse end c.) Minimum time required between successive write
operation d.) Minimum time for which data must be valid after write pulse ends BSNL Recruitment /
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100. If three i/p of a gate are 1, 0, 1 then output is O the gate must bea.) NOT b.) AND c.) OR
d. )NAND.101. Inverting amplifier configuration using operational amplifier is –
102. Which logic family is most faster-a.) ECL b.) DCTL c.) RTL d) TTL 103. For getting positive
o/p from two i/p OR gate for positive logic-a.) both i/p must be positive b.) both i/p must be negative
c.) any one of i/p must be positive d.) undefined condition 104. Supercilious is –
.a. )Harightyb.) High brow c.) Angry d.) Inane. 105. Give the synonym of 'moribund'-a.)
Undertaking b.) Burial c.) Leather bound d.) Dying 106. The convention was to end on May 13 with
a month long break in between. What do the two prepositions indicate? a.) Duration b.) Time c)
Direction d.) Position 107. According to the writer what influences our dreams-
.a. )inner censorshipsb.) the stories
.c. )the talesd) none. 108. Vaunted is – a.) Unvanquished b.) Fell. c.)Belittled d.) Exacting. 109.
The sun rays falls vertically on a.) Tropics b.) Doldrums c.) Poles d.) Equator 110. Trimurti is
associated with a.) Ellora
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b.) Ajanta c.) Khajuraho d.) Elephant caves 111. In which year did the congress adopt “Poorna
Swaraj” or complete independence as its goal? a.) 1930 b.) 1929 c.) 1928 d.) 1942 112. Director of
CBI-a.) D.C Sharma b.) A. M Shrivastava c.) P.C Sharma d.) P.C Dole 113. Rajiv Gandhi khel Ratna
award for the year 2001 goes to a.) P. gopichand b.) P. T Usha c.) Sachin Tendulkar d.) Gurpreet
Singh 114. During which time is vist to Mecca treated as Haj? a.) Id-Ul-Fitr b) Id-ul-Zuha
.c. )Milad-un-Nabi d.) Any time 115. Of the 109 known metals, how many occur in nature and how
many are produced synthetically in particle accelerators! a.) 79 and 10 b.) 80 and 29
.c. )95 and 14d.) None can be produced synthetically 116. Earth’s average speed per second around
the sun is a.) 30 km
.b. ) 32 kmc.) 34 km d.) 35 km 117. Governor of Reserve Bank of India is a.) Bimal Jalan b.) C.
Ranga Rajan
.c. )Rana Malhotra
.d. )S. Venkata Ramanan118. The first pope to enter a mosque in Damascus syria is a )Pope John
Paul II b.) Pope John Paul I c.) Pope John Paul III
.d. )Pope John Paul V119. Uranium is found in the state of
a.) Orissa b.) A. P c.) Karnataka
.d. )Bihar120. Nuclear Power plant in Pakistan is located at-
.a. )Karachib.) Peshawar
.c. )Ellipsed.) Paraboloid

Thursday 16 February 2012

                              MUDRA'S FOR HEALTH


by Dipankar Das
Indian classical dancers fold their fingers in various mudras. At Khajuraho, or even in the murals of Ajanta, figurines are almost invariably depicted with fingers in a mudra. It is little known, however, that mudra vigyan is Tatva Yoga—an essential aspect of yoga. And, believes Acharya Keshav Dev, these mudras can help cure many diseases
 
 
In a teeming trans-Yamuna locality of Delhi, India, lies the Vivekanand Yogashram. Its director Acharya Keshav Dev is a lean man in his sixties. His eyes are perpetually half-closed but you can scarcely suspect indolence, rather it seems as if he is seeking something within. He discourses on the mysteries of the universe or holds forth on the virtues of ancient science with evident relish. In awe of nature, he believes man to be its supreme creation.

In a teeming trans-Yamuna locality of Delhi, India, lies the Vivekanand Yogashram. Its director Acharya Keshav Dev is a lean man in his sixties. His eyes are perpetually half-closed but you can scarcely suspect indolence, rather it seems as if he is seeking something within. He discourses on the mysteries of the universe or holds forth on the virtues of ancient science with evident relish. In awe of nature, he believes man to be its supreme creation.

The Acharya has spent years studying the ancient systems of astrology, numerology, music and grammar. He asserts that the sciences of yore got coated with sugar down the years. "The ancients believed there were 24 diagnostic elements, is it a coincidence that the Gayatri mantra has 24 words, the Jains have 24 Tirthankaras, Sanatan Dharma has 24 avatars," he asks.

One of his favorite subjects is the science of mudras. Emphasizing on hasta mudras (hand postures), the Acharya says there is a tremendous flow of energy in our hands and each finger represents one of the five elements—the thumb is agni (fire), the forefinger is vayu (air), the middle finger is akash (ether), the ring finger is prithvi (earth) and the little finger is jal (water).

"The roots of all diseases lie in an imbalance of one of the five elements and can be corrected with medicines, willpower and mudras," he says. The Gayatri mantra also confirms the worth of mudras with a grim qualifier:

Eta mudra na janati Gayatri nishfala bhavat (he who knows not the mudras will not benefit from Gayatri).

The mantra lists 24 mudras, while an unknown number lies in the many forms of yoga. Acharya Keshav Dev has, however, evolved some of his own mudras, which help control, many of the diseases that afflict us today.

"Often you might have been rebuked by your mother for twiddling your fingers or dangling your legs. This is considered inauspicious because it involves a waste of prana or the vital energy within us," he explains. "An excess of wastage can even lead to brain damage; mudra vigyan taps this energy to heal the individual. The science of mudras is one of the finest gifts of yoga to the cause of human welfare," he adds.

Born in 1931, to the president of the local bar council in Meerut, India, Keshav Dev's house was full of religious literature. During the turmoil of Partition, he wandered away from home and began rigorous ascetic practices, living on fruit juices for six months. He discovered the magic of mudras when he had an earache. His guru suggested a mudra that, however, proved ineffective, but it led him to configure his fingers in new ways. One of the shapes, which he later christened Shunya Mudra, cured him completely, and enhanced his aural faculty to such an extent that he seems to have heard his inner voice too and has not ceased trying out new shapes since.

His mission in life now is simply to help as manyas possible by retrieving the lost discoveries of an ancient science. These mudras are for everyone. They can be practiced for half-an-hour daily. It is advisable to sit cross-legged on your bed or on the floor while doing a mudra, but the Acharya assures that it won't be ineffective if you do not follow this posture. You could even go for a stroll, with your hands casually tucked in your pockets, fingers folded in a particular mudra.

Mudras never generate an excess of energy, they simply seek an optimal balancing of prana, much like a thermostat. So next time you are ailing, remember it may just be an instance of maladjusted prana and an innocuous sleight of hand could be the cure.

mudras,yoga,fingers GYAN MUDRA

The thumb and the index finger are brought together in gentle contact, not pressing hard, while all other fingers are kept upright. This is the mudra most people are familiar with.

Great thinkers such as Buddha, Mahavir, Christ and Guru Nanak are generally depicted in this pose. Its practice ensures mental peace, concentration, sharp memory and spiritual feelings.

It cures insomnia and mental disorders, and dissipates tension, depression and drowsiness. This is a must for those who aspire to develop telepathy or wish to acquire extrasensory abilities.

mudras,yoga,fingers APAN VAYU MUDRA

(Also known as Mritsanjeevini Mudra)

Fold the forefinger down and touch the mound of the thumb. The little finger should be held erect.

It regulates complications of the heart. In a severe heart attack, if administered as a first aid measure within the first two seconds, it provides instant relief.

mudras,yoga,fingers PRAN MUDRA

Touch the points of the little finger and the ring finger to the tip of the thumb lightly.

This is a life-giving mudra, it energizes the body and improves its vitality.

It helps to improve eyesight. A must for those who feel nervous, tired and weak.

mudras,yoga,fingers
SURABHI MUDRA

Join the little finger of one hand with the ring finger of the other and vice versa. Similarly, join the forefinger with the middle finger of the other hand and vice versa. Leave the thumbs free.
mudras,yoga,fingers This controls rheumatic inflammation and sharpens your intellect.

APAN MUDRA

Join the middle finger and the ring finger with the tip of the thumb; the forefinger and the little finger should be held upright.

Provides relief in urinary problems and eases difficulty in labor and delivery. It facilitates the discharge of waste matter from the body and purifies the system.

mudras,yoga,fingersLINGA MUDRA

Join both the palms and lock the facing fingers together, keeping one thumb upright. The upright thumb must be encircled by the other thumb and the index finger.

Makes the body resistant to colds, coughs and chest infections by generating heat in the body, and destroying accumulated phlegm in the chest.

It helps in weight reduction too, but has to be practiced with restraint.

The intake of at least eight glasses of water, and butter and ghee (clarified butter) as cooling agents in sufficient quantities is a must.

mudras,yoga,fingersDue to the heat it generates, it may not be possible to practice this mudra with as much ease and flexibility as the other mudras. It might prove taxing and result in a feeling of lethargy.

SHUNYA MUDRA

Bring the middle finger down to touch the palm and bring the padding of the thumb on top of it, keeping the other fingers straight up.

Do this for 40 minutes a day.

mudras,yoga,fingersThis mudra is ideal for ailments of the ear, and also helps those of the nose and the throat.

Even five minutes of this mudra will help an earache.

VARUNA MUDRA

A bit like the Gyan Mudra.

Touch the tip of the little finger with the tip of the thumb while the other fingers are kept upright.

Regular practice ensures an optimum level of water in the body and heals all ailments connected with dehydration.